![]() We have previously used this procedure to investigate bone regeneration, vascularization and infection prevention in response to new biomaterial formulations for craniofacial tissue engineering applications. In this protocol, we describe a reproducible load-bearing critical-size composite tissue defect comprising loss of soft tissue, bone and tooth in the mandible of a rabbit. Consequently, in vivo models can have specific applications such as those of the mandibular angle defect, which is used to investigate bone regeneration in a nonload-bearing area, and the inferior border mandibular defect, which is a model for composite bone and nerve regeneration, with both models avoiding involvement of soft tissue or teeth. ![]() Computational modeling and in vitro assays do not fully replicate the in vivo environment. ![]() Translational biomaterials targeted toward the regeneration of large bone defects in the mandible require a preclinical model that accurately recapitulates the regenerative challenges present in humans.
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